The intuitive view of most people might be that building green is going to be vastly more expensive and complex than building to the most basic standards required by local code. It follows that we assume affordable housing probably isn’t going to be green. But a recent article in the Communities and Banking magazine published by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (FSB) this spring busts the myth that affordable housing and green housing are opposite and mutually exclusive concepts.
The myth doesn’t hold up locally either. We’ve looked at a study of green housing and the energy savings it creates for residents of the Seattle Housing Authority. And in Portland the Housing Authority built its first HOPE VI project green as well. We’ve also looked at the study of housing and health where there is growing evidence that along with materials the location of housing can have an effect on resident’s health—and health care costs. And we’ve considered the savings that building green can create for schools and their communities.
What the FSB article does is to put some of these points together in a useful definition of an affordable green housing project. Their definition fits well with what we’ve already learned. A green affordable housing project would:
- Reduce energy use and carbon emissions,
- Reduce water consumption,
- Improve the health of residents; and
- Save money for both tenants and owners through efficiencies
The authors of the FSB article, principles at New Ecology Inc, cite another concise article by Davis Langdon on “What Does Green Really Cost?” This isn’t a blow by blow accounting of material and construction costs but rather a guide on how to create housing that is both green and affordable.
Langdon suggests that projects begin with defining a sustainability goal and a quantitative measure of whether those goals are reached. The measure might be LEED certification, or Energy Star certification using the HERS Index or the new EPS rating developed by Oregon’s Energy Trust. A clear sense of sustainability outcomes is essential to defining what green affordability really means and whether the building can achieve it in a reasonable time frame.
Next step is integration. The project ought to consider materials, energy consumption and how the building will be used. As I wrote in a post about energy efficiencies in schools users and operators of green buildings need to be consulted and trained on how to use the building. Langdon’s point is that the design should focus on making that easy so users don’t override the very systems set up to create savings.
Finally, when asked the perennial question “how much will it cost” Langdon suggests the response should be “compared to what?” He suggests three useful ways of looking at cost comparisons for green elements in a building:
- How do the green elements compare overall in terms of the existing plans or code requirements?
- Are there components of the design that are expensive but can be offset by using cheaper—but just as sustainable—options in other parts of the building, and
- How does the building compare to similar projects in terms of costs and long term operations?
These are really sensible questions and if asked throughout the design and development of a project would yield valuable information about how to make building green and affordable the same thing. Breaking down the dichotomy between what is commonly considered green versus affordable is a key element of arriving at a definition of affordability that includes sustainability along with factors like monthly income and transportation—and perhaps most importantly, how much it costs to actually live in the building once it’s finished.
Chris Webb
FYI, Davis Langdon is Peter’s company name and not his co-author.
Roger Valdez
Thanks for clarifying that Chris. I made that change at the last minute thinking I missed a co-author. Roger–
Rob Harrison AIA
Initial capital costs for a new green house can be anywhere from the same as conventional construction to ten per cent higher, but over the long run the owners of an energy efficient green home will come out ahead. (In fact, right at the moment, investing in the energy efficiency of your home is far and away the best investment out there.)In some cases, green building is actually less expensive. Stack framing (sometimes known as advanced framing, or optimum value engineering) can save 25% of the cost of framing lumber on a house. You also save money on labor with stack framing, because there are fewer pieces of wood in the structure. You could spend some of that savings on additional insulation and better windows that will result in lower heating costs for the life of the home. Or you might put some of that savings into a more sophisticated ventilation/filtration system that will keep the house fresh and clean, or help reduce allergies. Going further: If you reduce the energy consumption of the house to a certain point, in this climate you can dispense with a furnace. The “Passive House” approach includes rigorously reducing heat loss through the three paths of the envelope (walls, floors and ceilings), using windows that are about three times more efficient than standard, and reducing air leaks to a tenth of typical. At that point all the space heating that is needed can be supplied with the equivalent of a 1,500 watt hair dryer! (It would actually come from a heating coil in the fresh air intake of the heat recovery ventilator that is supplying fresh air throughout the house.) You shift what you would have spent on a furnace into that additional insulation and those better windows. The house is more comfortable, less drafty, and quieter—but you haven’t necessarily spent more than ten per cent more than you would on conventional construction of equivalent quality. You might think of that premium as prepaying your utility bill, for the life of the home. Thought of that way, it’s a bargain!Most people don’t question why a Prius costs more than a Geo Metro. A house with green features costs more because it’s higher quality. It’s more comfortable, more durable, and costs less to operate than a conventionally built home.